Lateral Ankle sprain

What is an ankle sprain?

An ankle sprain occurs when one or more of the ligaments around the ankle are stretched or torn.

The most common injury occurs when the ankle rolls inwards, damaging the ligaments on the outside of the ankle.

What symptoms and signs might I experience?

• Pain.
• Swelling.
• Bruising.
• Difficulty putting weight through the foot.
• Reduced ankle movement.
• Tenderness over the injured ligament.
• A feeling of instability.
• Recurrent giving way in more persistent cases.

How is it diagnosed?

Most ankle sprains can be diagnosed through examination.

X-rays may be required to exclude a fracture. Ultrasound or MRI may occasionally be used if there is concern about significant ligament, tendon or cartilage damage.

How is it treated without surgery?

Most ankle sprains respond well to non-operative treatment:

• Protection initially often in a long walking boot.
• Progressive weight-bearing.
• Compression and elevation for swelling.
• Pain relief.
• An ankle brace. once the boot treatment has finished.
• Physiotherapy.
• Restoration of ankle movement.
• Progressive strengthening.
• Balance and proprioception exercises.
• Gradual return to sport.

When might surgery be considered?

Most ankle sprains do not require surgery.

Surgery may be considered when there is persistent mechanical instability despite appropriate rehabilitation, particularly when the ankle repeatedly gives way or there is associated structural damage.

What might surgery involve?

Surgery usually involves repair or reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments. Associated cartilage, tendon or bone problems may also need to be treated.

What is recovery like?

Minor sprains may improve within a few weeks, whereas more significant injuries can take several months.

Rehabilitation remains important even after pain has settled to reduce the risk of recurrent injury. Rehabilitation should be undertaken with a physiotherapist who specialises in foot and ankle rehabilitation.